Description
Human Tubulin beta chain (TUBB) ELISA Kit
The Human Tubulin Beta Chain (TUBB) ELISA Kit is specifically designed for the precise measurement of tubulin beta chain levels in human samples, including serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. With its high sensitivity and specificity, this kit ensures accurate and reproducible results, making it ideal for a variety of research applications.Tubulin beta chain is a critical component of microtubules, playing a crucial role in cell division, intracellular transport, and cellular structure. Abnormalities in tubulin beta chain expression have been associated with various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and genetic syndromes.
Therefore, the detection of tubulin beta chain levels can provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.Overall, the Human Tubulin Beta Chain (TUBB) ELISA Kit is a valuable tool for researchers studying tubulin biology, microtubule dynamics, and related diseases, offering precise and reliable measurements to advance scientific understanding and drug development efforts.
| Product Name: | Human Tubulin beta chain (TUBB) ELISA Kit |
| SKU: | HUEB1999 |
| Size: | 96T |
| Target: | Human Tubulin beta chain (TUBB) |
| Synonyms: | Tubulin beta-5 chain, OK/SW-cl.56, TUBB5 |
| Assay Type: | Sandwich |
| Detection Method: | ELISA |
| Reactivity: | Human |
| Detection Range: | 1.56-100ng/mL |
| Sensitivity: | 0.98ng/mL |
| Intra CV: | 4.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Inter CV: | 7.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Linearity: |
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| Recovery: |
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| Function: | Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. |
| Uniprot: | P07437 |
| Sample Type: | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids |
| Specificity: | Natural and recombinant human Tubulin beta chain |
| Sub Unit: | Heterodimer of alpha and beta chains (PubMed:26637975). A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells. Interacts with PIFO (PubMed:20643351). Interacts with DIAPH1 (PubMed:23325789). Interacts with MX1 (By similarity). May interact with RNABP10. |
| Subcellular Location: | Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton |
| Storage: | Please see kit components below for exact storage details |
| Note: | For research use only |
| UniProt Protein Function: | TUBB: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain. Dimer of alpha and beta chains. May interact with RNABP10. Interacts with PIFO/C1orf88. Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain. Belongs to the tubulin family. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Cytoskeletal Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 6p21.33 Cellular Component: cytoskeleton; extracellular region; microtubule; nuclear envelope lumen; nucleus; protein complex Molecular Function:GTP binding; GTPase activating protein binding; GTPase activity; MHC class I protein binding; protein binding; protein complex binding; protein domain specific binding; structural constituent of cytoskeleton; structural molecule activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding Biological Process: cell division; cell motility; cellular process; cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport; G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; metabolic process; microtubule-based process; mitotic cell cycle; natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; organelle organization and biogenesis; spindle assembly Disease: Cortical Dysplasia, Complex, With Other Brain Malformations 6 |
| NCBI Summary: | This gene encodes a beta tubulin protein. This protein forms a dimer with alpha tubulin and acts as a structural component of microtubules. Mutations in this gene cause cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice variants. There are multiple pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| UniProt Code: | P07437 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 56757569 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 203068 |
| NCBI Accession: | P07437.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | P07437,P05218, Q8WUC1, Q9CY33, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | P07437 |
| Molecular Weight: | 49,671 Da |
| NCBI Full Name: | Tubulin beta chain |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | tubulin beta class I |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | TUBB |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | M40; TUBB1; TUBB5; CDCBM6; CSCSC1; OK/SW-cl.56 |
| NCBI Protein Information: | tubulin beta chain |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Tubulin beta chain |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Tubulin beta-5 chain |
| Protein Family: | Tubulin |
| UniProt Gene Name: | TUBB |
| UniProt Entry Name: | TBB5_HUMAN |
| Component | Quantity (96 Assays) | Storage |
| ELISA Microplate (Dismountable) | 8×12 strips | -20°C |
| Lyophilized Standard | 2 | -20°C |
| Sample Diluent | 20ml | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent A | 10mL | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent B | 10mL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent A | 120µL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent B | 120µL | -20°C |
| Wash Buffer | 30mL | 4°C |
| Substrate | 10mL | 4°C |
| Stop Solution | 10mL | 4°C |
| Plate Sealer | 5 | - |
Other materials and equipment required:
- Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
- Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
- Incubator
- Deionized or distilled water
- Absorbent paper
- Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
| Step | |
| 1. | Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C. |
| 2. | Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform. |
| 3. | Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper. |
| 4. | Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C. |
| 5. | Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3. |
| 6. | Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction. |
| 7. | Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. |
| 8. | Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters. |
| 9. | After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry. |
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
| Sample Type | Protocol |
| Serum | If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Plasma | Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit. |
| Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cell culture supernatant | Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately. |
| Cell lysates | Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Tissue homogenates | The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. |
| Tissue lysates | Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Breast Milk | Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles. |
