Description
Human PADI2/PAD2/Protein-arginine deiminase type-2 ELISA Kit
The Human PADI2 (PAD2) Protein Arginine Deiminase Type 2 ELISA Kit is a powerful tool for the quantitative detection of PADI2 levels in human samples such as serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This ELISA kit offers high sensitivity and specificity, delivering accurate and reproducible results for a variety of research applications.PADI2, also known as PAD2, is a key enzyme involved in protein citrullination, a post-translational modification that plays a role in various biological processes including immune response and gene regulation.
Dysregulation of PADI2 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders, making it an important target for research and drug development.By measuring PADI2 levels with this ELISA kit, researchers can gain valuable insights into the role of this enzyme in disease progression and potentially uncover new therapeutic strategies. Order the Human PADI2 (PAD2) Protein Arginine Deiminase Type 2 ELISA Kit today to advance your research in this exciting field.
| Product Name: | Human PADI2/PAD2/Protein-arginine deiminase type-2 ELISA Kit |
| Product Code: | HUFI02143 |
| Size: | 96 Assays |
| Alias: | PADI2, PAD2, PAD-H19, PDI2, Peptidylarginine Deiminase II, EC 3.5.3.15, KIAA0994PDI2PAD2, PAD-H19, peptidlyarginine deiminase type II, peptidyl arginine deiminase, type II, Peptidylarginine deiminase II, protein arginine deiminase, Protein-arginine deiminase type II, protein-arginine deiminase type-2 |
| Detection method: | Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody |
| Application: | This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human PADI2 concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids. |
| Sensitivity: | 46.875pg/ml |
| Range: | 78.125-5000pg/ml |
| Storage: | 4°C for 6 months |
| Note: | For Research Use Only |
| Recovery: | Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human PADI2 and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human PADI2 in samples. | ||||||||||||||||
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| Linearity: | The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human PADI2 and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected. | ||||||||||||||||
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| CV(%): | Intra-Assay: CV<8% Inter-Assay: CV<10% |
| Component | Quantity | Storage |
| ELISA Microplate (Dismountable) | 8×12 strips | 4°C for 6 months |
| Lyophilized Standard | 2 | 4°C/-20°C |
| Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer | 20ml | 4°C |
| Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated) | 120ul | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| Antibody Dilution Buffer | 10ml | 4°C |
| HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC) | 120ul | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| SABC Dilution Buffer | 10ml | 4°C |
| TMB Substrate | 10ml | 4°C (Protect from light) |
| Stop Solution | 10ml | 4°C |
| Wash Buffer(25X) | 30ml | 4°C |
| Plate Sealer | 5 | - |
Other materials and equipment required:
- Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
- Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
- Incubator
- Deionized or distilled water
- Absorbent paper
- Buffer resevoir
| Uniprot | Q9Y2J8 |
| UniProt Protein Function: | PADI2: Catalyzes the deimination of arginine residues of proteins. Belongs to the protein arginine deiminase family. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Hydrolase; EC 3.5.3.15 Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1p36.13 Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol Molecular Function:estrogen receptor binding; protein-arginine deiminase activity Biological Process: chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription; establishment and/or maintenance of chromatin architecture; estrogen receptor signaling pathway; peptidyl-citrulline biosynthetic process from peptidyl-arginine; substantia nigra development |
| NCBI Summary: | This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type II enzyme is the most widely expressed family member. Known substrates for this enzyme include myelin basic protein in the central nervous system and vimentin in skeletal muscle and macrophages. This enzyme is thought to play a role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative human disorders, including Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, and it has also been implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis. This gene exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UniProt Code: | Q9Y2J8 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 7531171 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 11240 |
| NCBI Accession: | Q9Y2J8.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | Q9Y2J8,Q96DA7, Q9UPN2, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | Q9Y2J8 |
| Molecular Weight: | 49,310 Da |
| NCBI Full Name: | Protein-arginine deiminase type-2 |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | PADI2 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | PAD2; PDI2; PAD-H19 |
| NCBI Protein Information: | protein-arginine deiminase type-2 |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Protein-arginine deiminase type-2 |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | PAD-H19; Peptidylarginine deiminase II; Protein-arginine deiminase type II |
| Protein Family: | Protein-arginine deiminase |
| UniProt Gene Name: | PADI2 |
| UniProt Entry Name: | PADI2_HUMAN |
*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.
| Step | Protocol |
| 1. | Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells! |
| 2. | Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells. |
| 3. | Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well. |
| 4. | Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells. |
| 5. | Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min. |
| 6. | Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2. |
| 7. | Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall. |
| 8. | Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min. |
| 9. | Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash. |
| 10. | Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min. |
| 11. | Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min. |
| 12. | Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color. |
| 13. | Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately. |
| 14. | Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution. |
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
| Sample Type | Protocol |
| Serum | If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Plasma | Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit. |
| Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cell culture supernatant | Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately. |
| Cell lysates | Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Tissue homogenates | The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. |
| Tissue lysates | Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Breast Milk | Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles. |
