Synuclein-alpha (Phospho-Ser129)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit (CBCAB00034)

Product Name:	Synuclein-alpha (Phospho-Ser129)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit
Product Code:	CBCAB00034
ELISA Type:	Cell-Based
Target:	Synuclein-alpha (Phospho-Ser129)
Reactivity:	Human, Mouse, Rat
Dynamic Range:	> 5000 Cells
Detection Method:	Colorimetric 450 nm
Format:	2 x 96-Well Microplates

The Synuclein-alpha (Phospho-Ser129) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a convenient, lysate-free, high throughput and sensitive assay kit that can detect Synuclein-alpha protein phosphorylation and expression profile in cells. The kit can be used for measuring the relative amounts of phosphorylated Synuclein-alpha in cultured cells as well as screening for the effects that various treatments, inhibitors (ie. siRNA or chemicals), or activators have on Synuclein-alpha phosphorylation.

Qualitative determination of Synuclein-alpha (Phospho-Ser129) concentration is achieved by an indirect ELISA format. In essence, Synuclein-alpha (Phospho-Ser129) is captured by Synuclein-alpha (Phospho-Ser129)-specific primary antibodies while the HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies bind the Fc region of the primary antibody. Through this binding, the HRP enzyme conjugated to the secondary antibody can catalyze a colorimetric reaction upon substrate addition. Due to the qualitative nature of the Cell-Based ELISA, multiple normalization methods are needed:

1.	A monoclonal antibody specific for human GAPDH is included to serve as an internal positive control in normalizing the target absorbance values.
2.	Following the colorimetric measurement of HRP activity via substrate addition, the Crystal Violet whole-cell staining method may be used to determine cell density. After staining, the results can be analysed by normalizing the absorbance values to cell amounts, by which the plating difference can be adjusted.

Database Information:	Gene ID: 6622, UniProt ID: P37840, OMIM: 127750/163890/168600/168601/605543, Unigene: Hs.271771
Gene Symbol:	SNCA
Sub Type:	Phospho

UniProt Protein Function:	SNCA: a member of the synuclein family. Abundantly expressed in the brain. Inhibits phospholipase D2 selectively. May integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. A major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Two alternatively spliced isoforms transcripts have been identified.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Adaptor/scaffold Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4q21 Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; nuclear outer membrane; mitochondrion; rough endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome; extracellular region; fibril; terminal button; inclusion body; cell cortex; mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I; cytosol; actin cytoskeleton; synaptic vesicle; platelet alpha granule membrane; growth cone; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; axon; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; ribosome; cell junction; nucleus Molecular Function:protein domain specific binding; identical protein binding; histone binding; zinc ion binding; kinesin binding; ferrous iron binding; microtubule binding; caspase inhibitor activity; beta-tubulin binding; magnesium ion binding; phosphoprotein binding; protein N-terminus binding; oxidoreductase activity; Hsp70 protein binding; calcium ion binding; dynein binding; protein binding; copper ion binding; phospholipase binding; phospholipid binding; tau protein binding; fatty acid binding; alpha-tubulin binding Biological Process: regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity; negative regulation of serotonin uptake; regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process; adult locomotory behavior; positive regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake; mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis; microglial cell activation; response to lipopolysaccharide; positive regulation of endocytosis; dopamine biosynthetic process; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of caspase activity; negative regulation of monooxygenase activity; fatty acid metabolic process; positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion; regulation of dopamine secretion; negative regulation of dopamine uptake; negative regulation of histone acetylation; calcium ion homeostasis; negative regulation of exocytosis; response to magnesium ion; negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; behavioral response to cocaine; receptor internalization; phospholipid metabolic process; fibril organization and biogenesis; synapse organization and biogenesis; dopamine uptake; negative regulation of neuron apoptosis; response to iron(II) ion; positive regulation of receptor recycling; aging; caspase activation; response to drug; neutral lipid metabolic process; protein destabilization; regulation of macrophage activation; regulation of glutamate secretion; negative regulation of microtubule polymerization; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process; organelle ATP synthesis coupled electron transport; regulation of locomotion; synaptic vesicle endocytosis; positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential; negative regulation of transporter activity; negative regulation of apoptosis Disease: Parkinson Disease 4, Autosomal Dominant; Dementia, Lewy Body; Parkinson Disease 1, Autosomal Dominant
NCBI Summary:	Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Four alternatively spliced transcripts encoding two different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]
UniProt Code:	P37840
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	586067
NCBI Gene ID:	6622
NCBI Accession:	P37840.1
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P37840,Q13701, Q4JHI3, Q6IAU6, A8K2A4,
UniProt Related Accession:	P37840
Molecular Weight:	140
NCBI Full Name:	Alpha-synuclein
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)
NCBI Official Symbol:	SNCA
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	PD1; NACP; PARK1; PARK4
NCBI Protein Information:	alpha-synuclein; synuclein alpha-140; non A-beta component of AD amyloid
UniProt Protein Name:	Alpha-synuclein
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Non-A beta component of AD amyloid; Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor; NACP
Protein Family:	Alpha-synuclein
UniProt Gene Name:	SNCA
UniProt Entry Name:	SYUA_HUMAN

Component	Quantity
96-Well Cell Culture Clear-Bottom Microplate	2 plates
10X TBS	24 mL
Quenching Buffer	24 mL
Blocking Buffer	50 mL
15X Wash Buffer	50 mL
Primary Antibody Diluent	12 mL
100x Anti-Phospho Target Antibody	60 µL
100x Anti-Target Antibody	60 µL
Anti-GAPDH Antibody	60 µL
HRP-Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody	12 mL
HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody	12 mL
SDS Solution	12 mL
Stop Solution	24 mL
Ready-to-Use Substrate	12 mL
Crystal Violet Solution	12 mL
Adhesive Plate Seals	2 seals

The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:

Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm and/or 595 nm for Crystal Violet Cell Staining (Optional)
Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 µL to 1 ml
37% formaldehyde (Sigma Cat# F-8775) or formaldehyde from other sources
Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
Absorbent papers or vacuum aspirator
Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 ml
Poly-L-Lysine (Sigma Cat# P4832 for suspension cells)
Orbital shaker (optional)
Deionized or sterile water

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Step	Procedure
1.	Seed 200 µL of 20,000 adherent cells in culture medium in each well of a 96-well plate. The plates included in the kit are sterile and treated for cell culture. For suspension cells and loosely attached cells, coat the plates with 100 µL of 10 µg/ml Poly-L-Lysine (not included) to each well of a 96-well plate for 30 minutes at 37°C prior to adding cells.
2.	Incubate the cells for overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2.
3.	Treat the cells as desired.
4.	Remove the cell culture medium and rinse with 200 µL of 1x TBS, twice.
5.	Fix the cells by incubating with 100 µL of Fixing Solution for 20 minutes at room temperature. The 4% formaldehyde is used for adherent cells and 8% formaldehyde is used for suspension cells and loosely attached cells.
6.	Remove the Fixing Solution and wash the plate 3 times with 200 µL 1x Wash Buffer for five minutes each time with gentle shaking on the orbital shaker. The plate can be stored at 4°C for a week.
7.	Add 100 µL of Quenching Buffer and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature.
8.	Wash the plate 3 times with 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time.
9.	Add 200 µL of Blocking Buffer and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature.
10.	Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time.
11.	Add 50 µL of 1x primary antibodies Anti-Synuclein-alpha (Phospho-Ser129) Antibody, Anti-Synuclein-alpha Antibody and/or Anti-GAPDH Antibody) to the corresponding wells, cover with Parafilm and incubate for 16 hours (overnight) at 4°C. If the target expression is known to be high, incubate for 2 hours at room temperature.
12.	Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time.
13.	Add 50 µL of 1x secondary antibodies (HRP-Conjugated AntiRabbit IgG Antibody or HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody) to corresponding wells and incubate for 1.5 hours at room temperature.
14.	Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time.
15.	Add 50 µL of Ready-to-Use Substrate to each well and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature in the dark.
16.	Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well and read OD at 450 nm immediately using the microplate reader.

(Additional Crystal Violet staining may be performed if desired – details of this may be found in the kit technical manual.)