1374 results for 'skin'

Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, which gives skin its color. Although it is less common than oth ...

What You Need to Know About DupilumabWhat is Dupilumab?Dupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody designed to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases by inhibiting key cytokines ...

What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum? Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) also known De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the skin, eyes and central nervous system. It is c ...

What You Need to Know About BermekimabWhat is Bermekimab?Bermekimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the CD47 receptor, developed to modulate the immune system and improve conditions ...

By Catríona Dowling, Post-Doc, RCSI I want you to come on a journey with me where we are going to the botanic gardens. You will pick a section of the garden that is yours: yours to treasure ...

Quick Facts About LitifilimabWhat is Litifilimab?Litifilimab is a monoclonal antibody developed by Biogen targeting BDCA2, a receptor on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), to regulate ...

A New Dawn in Lupus Treatment: The Promise of Topical RNA Therapeutics Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that has long puzzled researchers and clinicians. Howev ...

Quick Facts About FezakinumabWhat is Fezakinumab?Fezakinumab is a human IgG1-lambda monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-22 (IL-22), a cytokine involved in inflammatory response ...

Quick Facts About SecukinumabWhat is SecukinumabSecukinumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a key cytokine involved in inflammatory and autoimmune respon ...

Complete T Helper Cell Guide: Th1, Th2, Th17 & Functions - Your Ultimate Resource from Assay GenieIn this guide, we will explore the differences between TH1 and TH2 cells, their cruc ...

Welcome to an exploration of the evolutionary trajectory and significance of the innate immune system - the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens. In this scientific jou ...

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What is Necrosis? Necrosis is a pathological process characterized by the death of cells or tissues within a living organism. It occurs as a result of various factors, including injury, inf ...

Quick Facts About AdalimumabWhat is Adalimumab?Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody designed to neutralize tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a key cytokine involved in inf ...

Antigen's are foreign molecules recognised by the immune system. Antigens can be protein, carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid molecules. Examples include viruses and bacteria as well as f ...

Quick Facts About BrodalumabWhat is Brodalumab?Brodalumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-17 receptor to treat immune-mediated conditions like moderate-to-severe plaque pso ...

Waardenburg Syndrome: A Rare Genetic Disorder Affecting Pigmentation, Hearing, and More Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is a fascinating and rare genetic disorder that impacts various asp ...

Quick Facts About GuselkumabWhat is Guselkumab?Guselkumab is a biologic therapy that selectively targets the p19 subunit of interleukin-23 (IL-23), playing a critical role in inflammato ...

Quick Facts About VixarelimabWhat is Vixarelimab?Vixarelimab is an investigational monoclonal antibody developed to target oncostatin M receptor beta (OSMRβ), a key pathway involved in ...

What is Hepatocyte Growth Factor? Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine that is mainly produced by the liver. HGF is a pleiotrophic cytokine that regulates cell growth, motili ...

By Juan Quintana, PhD student, University of Edinbrugh What are Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)? The World Health Orga ...

Quick Facts About EnokizumabWhat is Enokizumab?Enokizumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target interleukin-9 (IL-9), a cytokine involved in inflammatory responses. It has been st ...

Monocytes, as part of the innate immune system, act as the first line of defense against foreign invaders. One of their primary functions is phagocytosis, a crucial process in which they engul ...

Hydroxychloroquine: Potential Treatment for COVID-19 What is Hydroxychloroquine? Hydroxychloroquine (HC ...

Sepsis, a life-threatening condition, is characterized by a dysregulated immun ...

Quick Facts About AvdoralimabWhat is Avdoralimab?Avdoralimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting C5aR1, playing a crucial role in modulating immune response and inflammation.What is the ...

Embryonic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold immense potential in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types. Understanding the diff ...

By Sophie Arthur How many diseases and conditions do you think exist in this world? Thousands? Hundreds of thousands? Maybe even millions? Unfortunately, I don’t know the answer. But what ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD ...

As a PhD student delving deep into the realm of cellular biology, there is one antagonist that consistently challenges my research: mycoplasma. This microscopic bacterium, with its ...

Breakthrough Discovery: Epstein-Barr Virus Identified as Primary Trigger for Lupus A groundbreaking study published in November 2025 has provided the most definitive evidence to date that the common ...

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, providing a rapid response to infections. This system comprises various cell types, each with specialized roles in detecti ...

Tocilizumab (Actemra®) in COVID-19 Treatment What is Tocilizumab? Tocilizumab, also called atlizumab, is an immunosuppres ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD A role for IL-33 in Barrier Function and Epithelial Wound Healing ...

In scientific research involving mice, the administration of substances via injection is a common practice. Whether delivering drugs, antibodies, or experimental compounds, precise injection t ...

Growth factors play a vital role in the complex web of biological processes, serving as key regulators in various essential events. They exert significant influence over cruc ...

What are Autoimmune Diseases? Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, tissues, and organ ...

Nanosilver is the most commercialised nanoparticle routinely used for its antibacterial purposes in food preservation, cosmetic and health products such as medical devices and wound treatme ...

Delving into TNF alpha's critical role in inflammation and its therapeutic targeting. Key Takeaways: TNF alpha is a crucial cytokine in inflammation and apoptosis. Its structure facilita ...

Quick Facts About AnifrolumabWhat is Anifrolumab?Anifrolumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the type I interferon receptor, playing a crucial role in treating systemic lupus eryt ...

The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919 was the deadliest in history. It is estimated that up to 100 million people died from the virus, which is more than three times the number who ...

Notch signalling pathway review The Notch signalling pathway is a highly conserved intercellular signalling pathway that regulates various cellular processes. The Notch receptor is a t ...

Ralitsa R. Madsen – University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Each one of us is the result of an extraordinary developmental proce ...

Quick Facts About CetuximabWhat is Cetuximab?Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), widely used in cancer therapy.How does Cetuximab w ...

Stem Cells: What are they and how they can help treat diseases Stem cells are a unique population of cells that possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized c ...

Quick Facts About TezepelumabWhat is Tezepelumab?Tezepelumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to inhibit thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a key driver of airway inflammation in sev ...

The inception of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has heralded a new dawn in the realm of biomedical research and regenerative medicine, setting the stage for groundbreaking advancements in ...

ILC2 - Function, Cytokines, and Role in Health and Disease A quick guide to IL2C ...

By Pietro Maria Bertelli, PhD Candidate, Queens University Belfast Introduction Eye complications are very frequent in patients with diabetes, a ...

Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in the world today. Antibiotics are becoming less and less effective as bacteria evolve to resist them. This poses a serious threat to hum ...

The Ebola virus has been in the news a lot lately, but many people still don't know what it is or how it spreads. In this blog post, we will discuss the basics of the Ebola virus: w ...

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's immune system to fight malignancies. Among the notable advancements in this field is the development of immune ...

If you've ever had a urinary tract infection, you know all about bacteria. These tiny organisms can invade your body and cause all sorts of problems. But what you may not know is th ...

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Introduction Cellular senescence is a fascinating phenomenon that plays a crucial role in the aging process and various age-related diseases. It is essential to explore the cellular ...

RIG-I: Antiviral Properties in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Key Points RIG-I is a cytosolic RNA ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD Similar to IL-33, IL-36R ligands are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Analogous to IL-33, d is local ...

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for various malignancies. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies is the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, par ...

Delve into the world of C-reactive protein (CRP), a critical player in the body's response to inflammation, and understand its role in health and disease. Key Takeaways C-reacti ...

This article breaks down the glycoprotein Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) detailing its structure, function and therapeutic uses. It also describes its role in im ...

As atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease, there are many influential biomarkers that contribute to the disease’s progression as well as biomarkers from atherosclerosis related d ...

Exploring sepsis: a critical imbalance in the immune response to infection. Key Takeaways: Sepsis is a severe, immune-driven response to infection causing systemic inflammation and poten ...

Exploring the multifaceted role of dendritic cells in immune function and disease. Key Takeaways DCs are professional antigen-presenting cells that capture, process, and pres ...

Overview of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major epidemic that affects over 347 million people worldwide (Danaei et al. 2011). The World He ...

You are only part human. In some ways, you are as much bacteria as you are mammal, and in some ways bacteria make up far more of you than your own familiar cells and genes! It is becoming ...

Discover the critical role of cytokines as signaling molecules in immune responses, their functions, and the impact of their dysregulation, including cytokine storms. Key Takeaways: C ...

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible and ultimately fatal disease characterized by pro ...

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr.Marshall Urist, an orthopaedic surgeon at UCLA (Urist 1965). BMPs are classically associated with their roles in limb ...

HMGB1 Functional Overview High mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1), a member of the high-mobility group (HMG) family, was first identified in the thymus in 1973 a ...

Mononuclear phagocytes, essential in immunity and homeostasis, perform diverse roles from phagocytosis to tissue repair, influencing health and disease. Key Takeaways: Mononuclear ...

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