Angiogenin
Angiogenin (ANG, also known as RNASE5, RAA1 and HEL168) is a secreted member of the pancreatic ribonuclease family that drives new blood vessel formation. It also stimulates ribosomal RNA transcription and, under stress, cleaves tRNAs to regulate protein synthesis. Browse Assay Genie's current range of Angiogenin research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
Angiogenin is a secreted ribonuclease that can either promote or restrict proliferation of target cells, depending on context. It is taken up by target cells through its receptor PLXNB2 and moves to the cytoplasm or nucleus. In growing and differentiated cells it enters the nucleus and stimulates rRNA transcription, including from the 45S rRNA initiation site, which supports cell growth and underlies its ability to induce vascularisation of normal and malignant tissues. The NCBI summary also describes angiogenesis induced after binding to actin on the surface of endothelial cells.
Under stress, angiogenin relocalises to the cytoplasm and promotes the assembly of stress granules. There it cleaves a subset of tRNAs within their anticodon loops, preferentially between a pyrimidine and an adenosine, to produce tRNA-derived stress-induced fragments (tiRNAs). These fragments repress translation, inhibit proliferation and prevent apoptosome formation, which favours cell survival. This activity also supports haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell growth and survival. Angiogenin further mediates crosstalk between myeloid and intestinal epithelial cells to protect barrier integrity, and between osteoclasts and endothelial cells in growing bone, where it protects vascular cells against senescence.
The ANG gene encodes a member of the RNase A superfamily with relatively weak ribonucleolytic activity. A signal peptide is cleaved to give a mature protein with a nuclear localisation signal, a cell-binding motif and a catalytic domain. The mature protein is neurotrophic and neuroprotective, and has antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and fungi, including S. pneumoniae and C. albicans. Mutations in the gene are associated with progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The gene shares promoters and 5' exons with the neighbouring RNase4 gene, and its mouse ortholog is Ang.
Angiogenin is a potent mediator of new blood vessel formation, acting through endothelial cell binding and by promoting rRNA transcription.
Angiogenin cleaves anticodon loops to generate tiRNAs, linking stress granule assembly to translation repression and cell survival.
Angiogenin is neurotrophic and neuroprotective, and mutations in its gene are associated with progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
By driving rRNA production and angiogenesis, angiogenin plays important roles in cell growth and tumour progression.
Angiogenin is a secreted ribonuclease. In growing cells it enters the nucleus and stimulates rRNA transcription, supporting proliferation and vascularisation. Under stress it acts in the cytoplasm, cleaving tRNAs to form tiRNAs that repress translation and promote survival. It is also neurotrophic and neuroprotective.
The gene symbol is ANG, and aliases include RNASE5, RAA1 and HEL168. The previous HGNC name was ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5. Alternative splicing gives multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein, so there are no distinct protein isoforms.
Mutations in the ANG gene are associated with progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the protein contributes to tumour progression through its effects on rRNA production and angiogenesis. The mouse ortholog is Ang. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other angiogenesis-related proteins, including angiopoietins and angiopoietin-like proteins, with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P03950; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.