Granzyme B
Granzyme B (GZMB) is an abundant serine protease stored in the cytolytic granules of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It cleaves after aspartate to drive target cell death, and is also known as CCPI, CGL-1, CSP-B, CTSGL1, HLP, SECT and CTLA1. Browse Assay Genie's current range of Granzyme B research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
Granzyme B is an abundant protease in the cytosolic granules of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. When it is delivered into a target cell through the immunological synapse, it activates caspase-independent pyroptosis. The enzyme cleaves after Asp. Inside the target cell it cleaves gasdermin-E (GSDME) and releases the pore-forming moiety of GSDME, which triggers pyroptosis and cell death.
Granzyme B also appears to be linked to a caspase activation cascade that executes apoptosis. It cleaves caspase-3, caspase-9 and caspase-10 to produce active enzymes that mediate apoptosis. In response to bacterial infection, it cleaves and activates caspase-7, which promotes plasma membrane repair. The GZMB gene encodes a preproprotein that is secreted by NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. It is processed proteolytically to give the active protease. Researchers studying the Granzyme B protein therefore work on both its intracellular cytotoxic activity and its extracellular roles.
Granzyme B belongs to the granzyme subfamily of the peptidase S1 family of serine proteases. HGNC places it in the gene group of granule associated serine proteases of immune defence. Outside the cell, it processes cytokines and degrades extracellular matrix proteins. These activities are implicated in chronic inflammation and wound healing. Expression of the gene may be elevated in patients with cardiac fibrosis. The older HGNC name for the gene is granzyme 2, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 1. Mouse and rat each have an orthologous gene, Gzmb.
Granzyme B is an abundant protease in the granules of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells, where it helps induce target cell death.
It cleaves gasdermin-E to trigger pyroptosis and activates caspase-3, -9 and -10, linking it to cell death pathways.
Granzyme B processes cytokines and degrades extracellular matrix proteins, roles implicated in chronic inflammation and wound healing.
Expression may be elevated in cardiac fibrosis, and Granzyme B activates caspase-7 to promote membrane repair during bacterial infection.
Granzyme B is a serine protease that cleaves after aspartate. Delivered into a target cell by cytotoxic T cells or NK cells, it cleaves gasdermin-E to trigger pyroptosis and activates caspases such as caspase-3, -9 and -10 to drive apoptosis.
The gene symbol is GZMB. Aliases include CCPI, CGL-1, CSP-B, CGL1, CTSGL1, HLP, SECT, CTLA1 and CSPB. The previous HGNC name was granzyme 2, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 1. The enzyme has the EC number 3.4.21.79.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have an orthologous gene named Gzmb. The human protein belongs to the granzyme subfamily of the peptidase S1 family. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Caspases, gasdermins and other cell death pathway targets related to Granzyme B biology.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P10144; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.