HLA-DR
HLA-DR, encoded by the CD74 gene, is the HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain, also known as CLIP or DHLAG. It associates with class II MHC as a chaperone that regulates antigen presentation, and it also acts as a cell surface receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Browse Assay Genie's current range of HLA-DR research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
The protein studied as HLA-DR here associates with class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and is an important chaperone that regulates antigen presentation for immune response. In antigen-presenting cells (APCs) it also stabilises the conformation of mature cathepsin L (CTSL) by binding to the enzyme's active site. In this way it helps maintain a pool of mature CTSL in endocytic compartments and in the extracellular space.
HLA-DR has roles beyond antigen presentation. It serves as a cell surface receptor for the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and MIF binding initiates survival pathways and cell proliferation. The protein also interacts with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and suppresses the production of amyloid beta. In addition, the p41 isoform has antiviral activity. It stymies the endosomal entry of Ebola virus and of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, by disrupting cathepsin-mediated processing of the Ebola virus glycoprotein, which prevents viral fusion and entry. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
The CD74 gene belongs to the HGNC gene group of CD molecules. The UniProt recommended name is HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain, and earlier HGNC names include CD74 antigen (invariant polypeptide of major histocompatibility complex, class II antigen-associated) and CD74 molecule, major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain. The protein is annotated at the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, trans-Golgi network, endosomes including late endosomes, and lysosomes, and it is also found in secreted form. Mouse and rat both carry a Cd74 ortholog.
HLA-DR associates with class II MHC and acts as a chaperone that regulates antigen presentation for immune response.
As a cell surface receptor for MIF, it initiates survival pathways and cell proliferation upon ligand binding.
The p41 isoform disrupts cathepsin-mediated Ebola virus glycoprotein processing, blocking endosomal entry of Ebola virus and coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.
HLA-DR interacts with APP to suppress amyloid beta production, and it stabilises mature cathepsin L in endocytic compartments.
HLA-DR associates with class II MHC and acts as a chaperone that regulates antigen presentation. It also stabilises mature cathepsin L in APCs, serves as a cell surface receptor for MIF, and interacts with APP to suppress amyloid beta production.
The gene symbol is CD74, with aliases CLIP and DHLAG. UniProt names it HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encode different isoforms, and the antiviral activity is specific to the p41 isoform.
Mouse and rat both have a Cd74 ortholog. The p41 isoform blocks endosomal entry of Ebola virus and coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other CD molecules, antigen-presenting cell markers and binding partners of HLA-DR with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P04233; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.