IL-10
IL-10 (interleukin 10) is a secreted cytokine of the IL-10 family and a major immune regulator with profound anti-inflammatory functions. It is also known as CSIF, TGIF and IL10A, and it limits excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Browse Assay Genie's current range of IL-10 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
IL-10 acts on many cells of the immune system. It binds a heterotetrameric receptor made up of IL10RA and IL10RB, which leads to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. STAT3 then translocates to the nucleus and drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. The cytokine can also block NF-kappa B activity and is involved in regulating the JAK-STAT signalling pathway.
Antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and monocytes are key targets. IL-10 inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF. It also interferes with antigen presentation by reducing expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules, which limits their ability to induce T cell activation. In macrophages, it controls the inflammatory response by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways, including mTOR signalling. It down-regulates Th1 cytokines and enhances B cell survival, proliferation and antibody production.
The IL10 gene encodes a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and, to a lesser extent, by lymphocytes. Its effects in immunoregulation and inflammation are pleiotropic. Knockout studies in mice suggest it is an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract, and mouse and rat both carry an Il10 ortholog. Mutations in the human gene are associated with increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis.
IL-10 limits excessive tissue disruption by inhibiting release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-6 and IL-1 beta from macrophages and monocytes.
IL-10 reduces MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecule expression, making it a useful focus for studying how T cell activation is restrained.
Knockout studies in mice indicate IL-10 is an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract.
IL-10 signals through IL10RA and IL10RB to JAK1 and STAT3, and can block NF-kappa B activity, so it is studied in signalling research.
IL-10 is a major immune regulatory cytokine with anti-inflammatory functions. It signals through IL10RA and IL10RB to activate STAT3, inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine release by macrophages and monocytes, and reduces MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecule expression, limiting T cell activation.
The HGNC gene symbol is IL10, and the protein is listed as interleukin-10. Aliases include CSIF, TGIF and IL10A. It belongs to the IL-10 family of interleukins. Researchers may use these names when searching literature or databases.
Mutations in the human IL10 gene are associated with increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis. Mouse and rat both have an Il10 ortholog, and mouse knockout studies point to an essential role in the intestinal tract. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other interleukins, IL-10 family members and inflammatory cytokines connected to IL-10 biology.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P22301; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.