LAIR1
LAIR1 (leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1, also known as CD305 or LAIR-1) is a cell-membrane inhibitory receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It restrains the cytolytic activity of natural killer cells, B-cells and T-cells and helps prevent immune attack on self. Browse Assay Genie's current range of LAIR1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
LAIR1 functions as an inhibitory receptor with a constitutive negative regulatory role on the cytolytic function of natural killer (NK) cells, B-cells and T-cells. Activation by tyrosine phosphorylation results in recruitment and activation of the phosphatases PTPN6 and PTPN11, and the protein has been described as an anchor for the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. It also reduces the rise in intracellular calcium evoked by B-cell receptor ligation, and it may act independently of SH2-containing phosphatases as well.
Beyond cytolytic control, LAIR1 modulates cytokine production. In CD4+ T-cells it down-regulates IL-2 and IFN-gamma while inducing secretion of transforming growth factor beta. In B-cells it down-regulates IgG and IgE production, and it reduces IL-8, IL-10 and TNF secretion. It also inhibits the differentiation of peripheral blood precursors towards dendritic cells. In myeloid leukaemia cell lines, LAIR1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis, and it prevents nuclear translocation of the NF-kappa-B p65 subunit (RELA) and phosphorylation of I-kappa-B alpha (CHUK).
The LAIR1 gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and the leukocyte-associated inhibitory receptor family. It maps to the leukocyte receptor cluster at 19q13.4, a region containing at least 29 genes for leukocyte-expressed immunoglobulin superfamily receptors. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants. The protein is found on peripheral mononuclear cells, including NK cells, T cells and B cells. It is listed in the CD molecule gene group as CD305, and mouse and rat each carry a Lair1 ortholog. LAIR2 is a related family member.
LAIR1 is an inhibitory receptor that sets a constitutive brake on NK-cell, B-cell and T-cell cytolytic function, making it relevant to immune regulation.
Tyrosine-phosphorylated LAIR1 recruits and activates PTPN6 and PTPN11, providing a model for inhibitory receptor signalling through SH2-containing phosphatases.
LAIR1 down-regulates IL-2, IFN-gamma, IgG, IgE, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF while inducing transforming growth factor beta, linking it to immune tolerance.
LAIR1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in myeloid leukaemia cell lines, partly by blocking NF-kappa-B p65 nuclear translocation.
LAIR1 is an inhibitory receptor that negatively regulates the cytolytic function of NK cells, B-cells and T-cells. Once tyrosine phosphorylated, it recruits the phosphatases PTPN6 and PTPN11. It also modulates cytokine production and inhibits dendritic cell differentiation from peripheral blood precursors.
LAIR1 is also called CD305 and LAIR-1. Earlier names were leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor 1 and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1. The HGNC name is leukocyte associated immunoglobulin like receptor 1. Alternative splicing of the gene gives multiple transcript variants.
Mouse and rat both have a Lair1 ortholog. In disease research, LAIR1 may induce cell death in myeloid leukaemias, and it inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in myeloid leukaemia cell lines. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
LAIR2 and other members of the leukocyte-associated inhibitory receptor family with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q6GTX8; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.