Neuregulin-1
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1; also known as HRG, NDF, GGF and HGL) is a membrane glycoprotein that acts as a direct ligand for the ERBB3 and ERBB4 receptor tyrosine kinases. It mediates cell-cell signalling and supports the growth and development of multiple organ systems. Browse Assay Genie's current range of Neuregulin-1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
Neuregulin-1 is a direct ligand for the ERBB3 and ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptors. On binding, it concomitantly recruits the ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors, which results in ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the ERBB receptors. Its EGF domain also binds the integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4, and the ternary complex formed with integrins and ERBB3 is essential for NRG1-ERBB signalling. Downstream, the protein induces phosphorylation and activation of MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1, and in neurons ligand-dependent ERBB4 endocytosis is required for this activation.
The NRG1 gene produces an extraordinary variety of isoforms through alternative promoter usage and splicing. These are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, differ significantly in structure, and are classified as types I, II, III, IV, V and VI. UniProt records the protein in the cell membrane, as a secreted form, and in the nucleus. The isoforms perform diverse functions: inducing growth and differentiation of epithelial, glial, neuronal and skeletal muscle cells; inducing acetylcholine receptor expression during formation of the neuromuscular junction; stimulating Schwann cell proliferation; and contributing to myocardial development, including trabeculation of the developing heart. In the mammary gland it stimulates lobuloalveolar budding and milk production, and induces differentiation of mammary tumour cells. Isoform 10 may play a role in motor and sensory neuron development.
Neuregulin-1 belongs to the neuregulin family and is placed in the HGNC groups for I-set domain containing proteins and neuregulins. Its symbol has accumulated several aliases, including HRG, NDF, GGF and HGL. Dysregulation of the NRG1 gene has been linked to cancer, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Mouse and rat both have an Nrg1 ortholog.
Neuregulin-1 activates ERBB3 and ERBB4 and recruits ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors, making it a central ligand for studying ERBB phosphorylation.
It induces acetylcholine receptor expression at the neuromuscular junction and stimulates Schwann cell proliferation, linking it to nerve and muscle development.
Neuregulin-1 is implicated in myocardial development, including trabeculation of the developing heart.
Dysregulation of NRG1 has been linked to cancer, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, prompting study of its signalling in disease.
Neuregulin-1 binds ERBB3 and ERBB4, recruits ERBB1 and ERBB2, and activates ERK1, ERK2 and AKT1 signalling. Depending on the isoform, it drives growth and differentiation of epithelial, glial, neuronal and skeletal muscle cells, and supports neuromuscular junction, mammary gland and heart development.
NRG1 is also known as HRG, NDF, GGF and HGL. Alternative promoter usage and splicing generate many isoforms, classified as types I, II, III, IV, V and VI, which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and differ significantly in structure.
Mouse and rat each carry an Nrg1 ortholog. In humans, dysregulation of the NRG1 gene has been linked to cancer, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Neuregulin-related and neuronal targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q02297; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.