TNF-alpha
TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor, also known as TNFSF2, DIF, TNFA) is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine of the TNF superfamily. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and signals through the receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TNF-alpha research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TNF-alpha is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumour necrosis factor family. It is mainly secreted by macrophages, and it acts by binding its receptors, TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. Through these receptors it helps regulate a wide spectrum of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism and coagulation. UniProt also records that the TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.
The human TNF gene encodes a protein found at the cell membrane and in secreted form. The mouse and rat orthologs are both named Tnf, which allows the cytokine to be studied in common rodent models. Knockout studies in mice have suggested a neuroprotective function for this cytokine. Researchers working with the TNF-alpha protein therefore often use it to examine inflammatory and cell-fate signalling.
TNF-alpha has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tuberculosis, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and cancer. Mutations in the gene affect susceptibility to cerebral malaria, septic shock and Alzheimer disease. The gene was previously named tumour necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2), hence the alias TNFSF2, and is a member of the HGNC tumour necrosis factor superfamily gene group.
TNF-alpha is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine mainly secreted by macrophages, making it a central subject in studies of inflammatory signalling.
The cytokine has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Acting through TNFR1 and TNFBR, TNF-alpha helps regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
TNF-alpha is linked to lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, while mouse knockout studies suggest a neuroprotective role.
TNF-alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine, mainly secreted by macrophages, that signals through TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It helps regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism and coagulation. Its intracellular domain form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.
The HGNC symbol is TNF, and aliases include TNFSF2, DIF, TNFA and TNF-alpha. The gene was previously named tumour necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2). The protein exists in membrane-bound and secreted forms, and it is also described as having an intracellular domain form.
Yes. TNF-alpha has been implicated in autoimmune disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and cancer, and gene mutations affect susceptibility to cerebral malaria, septic shock and Alzheimer disease. Mouse and rat both have a Tnf ortholog; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other TNF superfamily ligands, TNF receptor superfamily members and TNF-induced proteins with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P01375; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.