TNFSF15
TNFSF15 (TNF superfamily member 15, also known as TL1A, TL1 or VEGI) is a cytokine of the tumour necrosis factor ligand family. It signals through the TNFRSF25 receptor, costimulates T cells and inhibits endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TNFSF15 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TNFSF15 is a cytokine that signals through the TNFRSF25 receptor. It acts as a T-cell costimulator: it increases IL-2 responsiveness and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, which enhances T-cell activation, proliferation and the survival of activated T cells. In vitro, it also inhibits vascular endothelial growth and angiogenesis. Signalling can be restrained by the decoy receptor TNFRSF6B, which binds TNFSF15 and blocks the activation it would normally trigger, leading to decreased T-cell activation and reduced inflammation.
The TNFSF15 gene encodes a member of the TNF ligand family and is found in both membrane-bound and secreted forms. According to the NCBI Gene summary, the protein is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells but not in B or T cells, and its expression is inducible by TNF and IL-1 alpha. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. The mouse and rat orthologues are both named Tnfsf15, which allows comparative work across common model species.
Beyond TNFRSF25, the cytokine is described as a ligand for the decoy receptor TNFRSF21/DR6. It can activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and acts as an autocrine factor that induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. It also inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, which is why it may function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. The name VEGI (vascular endothelial growth inhibitor) reflects this activity, while TL1A reflects its relationship to the TNF ligand family. Researchers studying the TNFSF15 protein therefore work at the interface of immune costimulation and vascular biology.
TNFSF15 increases IL-2 responsiveness and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, enhancing T-cell activation, proliferation and survival of activated T cells.
TNFSF15 inhibits vascular endothelial growth and angiogenesis in vitro, and may act as an angiogenesis inhibitor.
Abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, TNFSF15 acts as an autocrine factor that induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation.
Binding of TNFSF15 to decoy receptor TNFRSF6B blocks its activity, reducing T-cell activation and inflammation.
TNFSF15 is a cytokine that signals through TNFRSF25. It costimulates T cells, increasing IL-2 responsiveness and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and it inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. It can activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases and induce apoptosis in endothelial cells.
TNFSF15 is also called TL1A, TL1 and VEGI, with further aliases including VEGI192A. Its earlier name was tumour necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 15. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, so check which form a study addresses.
Yes. Mouse and rat both carry an orthologous gene named Tnfsf15. Human TNFSF15 belongs to the TNF ligand family. Cross-species work should be planned with care, so check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other TNF superfamily ligands, TNFSF15 receptors and related T-cell cytokines with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt O95150; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.