AMH
AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone, also known as MIF and MIS) is a secreted member of the TGF-beta superfamily that acts through its specific type-II receptor, AMHR2. It induces Muellerian duct regression in the male fetus and regulates follicle development in females. Browse Assay Genie's current range of AMH research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
AMH plays an important role in several reproductive functions. The hormone binds and activates AMHR2, its specific type-II receptor, which heterodimerizes with the type-I receptors ACVR1 and BMPR1A. This receptor complex regulates target gene expression through downstream SMAD protein signal transduction, the canonical route for ligands of the TGF-beta family.
In the male fetus, AMH is produced and secreted by Sertoli cells and induces Muellerian duct regression during sexual differentiation. Without this signal, the ducts would differentiate into the uterus and fallopian tubes. In females, AMH is produced by granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles. There it acts as a negative regulator of the primordial to primary follicle transition and decreases the FSH sensitivity of growing follicles. AMH also plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation and function.
The AMH gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed into N- and C-terminal cleavage products. These homodimerize and associate to form a biologically active noncovalent complex, which binds AMHR2. The mouse and rat orthologues are both named Amh. The gene sits within the HGNC groups for receptor ligands, microRNA protein coding host genes and the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. Mutations in the AMH gene result in persistent Muellerian duct syndrome.
AMH has an important role in several reproductive functions, making it a central molecule for studying reproductive physiology.
Sertoli cell-derived AMH induces Muellerian duct regression in the male fetus, a defining step in male foetal sexual differentiation.
AMH from granulosa cells restrains the primordial to primary follicle transition and lowers FSH sensitivity of growing follicles.
AMH signals through AMHR2, ACVR1 and BMPR1A to SMAD proteins, offering a defined model of TGF-beta family receptor signalling.
AMH binds AMHR2, which pairs with type-I receptors ACVR1 and BMPR1A to signal through SMAD proteins. In male fetuses it induces Muellerian duct regression. In females it limits primordial follicle activation and FSH sensitivity. It also contributes to Leydig cell differentiation and function.
AMH stands for anti-Mullerian hormone, written in UniProt as anti-Muellerian hormone. Aliases include MIF and MIS. The gene encodes a preproprotein that is cleaved into N- and C-terminal products, which homodimerize and associate as a noncovalent active complex.
Mouse and rat both carry an Amh orthologue, so rodent models are used to study its biology; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity. Mutations in the human AMH gene result in persistent Muellerian duct syndrome.
The AMH receptor and related TGF-beta pathway targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P03971; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.