IL-1 beta
This page covers pentraxin 3 (PTX3, also called TSG-14 or TNFAIP5), a secreted long pentraxin that helps regulate innate resistance to pathogens and inflammatory reactions. It is listed under IL-1 beta because the gene was first named as a pentraxin-related gene rapidly induced by IL-1 beta. Browse Assay Genie's current range of IL-1 beta research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
Pentraxin 3 is a member of the pentraxin protein family and is grouped by HGNC among the long pentraxins and the pattern recognition pentraxins. UniProt describes the protein as playing a role in the regulation of innate resistance to pathogens, in inflammatory reactions, possibly in the clearance of self-components, and in female fertility. According to the NCBI Gene summary, it is also involved in regulating inflammation and complement activation, promotes fibrocyte differentiation, and contributes to angiogenesis and tissue remodelling.
Expression of the PTX3 gene is induced by inflammatory cytokines in response to inflammatory stimuli. This occurs in several mesenchymal and epithelial cell types, and most notably in endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes. The product is a secreted protein, so it is found outside the cell that makes it. The mouse ortholog is Ptx3, which gives researchers a route to study its biology in vivo. Because its levels respond to inflammatory signals, the PTX3 protein serves as a biomarker for several inflammatory conditions.
The naming history explains why this target sits alongside IL-1 beta. The gene was originally described as a pentraxin-related gene rapidly induced by IL-1 beta, and it was also known as tumour necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 5 (TNFAIP5). Other names include TSG-14 and pentraxin 3, long. These earlier names reflect its strong response to inflammatory cytokines. The current HGNC name, pentraxin 3, places it within the pentraxin family. When searching the literature for this target, it helps to use the symbol PTX3 together with these aliases.
PTX3 helps regulate innate resistance to pathogens, making it a useful target for studying early host defence.
Cytokine-induced PTX3 expression and its use as a biomarker make it relevant to several inflammatory conditions.
PTX3 plays a role in angiogenesis and tissue remodelling, and it promotes fibrocyte differentiation.
PTX3 is involved in regulating complement activation and has been linked to female fertility and possibly the clearance of self-components.
UniProt annotates PTX3 as playing a role in the regulation of innate resistance to pathogens, inflammatory reactions, possibly clearance of self-components and female fertility. NCBI Gene adds that it regulates inflammation and complement activation, promotes fibrocyte differentiation, and contributes to angiogenesis and tissue remodelling.
The gene was first named as a pentraxin-related gene rapidly induced by IL-1 beta. Other names are TSG-14, TNFAIP5 (tumour necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 5) and pentraxin 3, long. The current approved HGNC name is pentraxin 3, symbol PTX3.
The mouse ortholog is Ptx3. NCBI Gene reports that the protein serves as a biomarker for several inflammatory conditions, and its expression is induced by inflammatory cytokines. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other inflammatory cytokines, pentraxin family members and inflammation markers with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P26022; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.