LPO
LPO (lactoperoxidase, also known as SPO) is a secreted heme-containing oxidoreductase that uses hydrogen peroxide to generate antimicrobial oxidation products from thiocyanate and iodide. It forms part of the mucosal and secretory defence against micro-organisms. Browse Assay Genie's current range of LPO research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
LPO is a heme-containing oxidoreductase. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), it catalyses the conversion of thiocyanate (SCN-) into the antimicrobial agent hypothiocyanous acid (OSCN-). It also converts iodide (I-) into hypoiodite (IO-) in the presence of H2O2. Through these reactions the enzyme inactivates a wide range of micro-organisms and is regarded as an important component of host defence.
Antibacterial activity has been reported against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro, the lactoperoxidase-SCN--H2O2 system shows antibacterial properties against Burkholderia cepacia and Haemophilus influenzae. LPO is present in mammary and salivary gland secretions and may contribute to airway host defence against infection. It may also help maintain an appropriate cellular H2O2 level, protecting cells from H2O2-caused injury and inflammation.
The LPO gene encodes a member of the peroxidase family, assigned to the XPO subfamily and to the heme peroxidase gene group. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to give the mature enzyme, which is secreted from salivary, mammary and other mucosal glands. The gene lies in a gene cluster on chromosome 17, and alternative splicing yields multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a processed preproprotein. The mouse ortholog is Lpo. Researchers studying the LPO protein or LPO gene typically work in innate immunity, mucosal biology and redox chemistry.
LPO generates hypothiocyanous acid in secretions from salivary, mammary and other mucosal glands, making it a model for enzyme-based antimicrobial defence.
LPO may contribute to airway defence against infection, including activity reported against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia and Haemophilus influenzae.
LPO may help maintain appropriate cellular H2O2 levels, protecting cells from H2O2-caused injury and inflammation.
As a heme peroxidase acting on thiocyanate and iodide, LPO is a useful subject for studying halide and pseudohalide oxidation.
LPO is a heme-containing oxidoreductase. With hydrogen peroxide it converts thiocyanate into hypothiocyanous acid and iodide into hypoiodite. These products inactivate a wide range of micro-organisms, so the enzyme is an important part of host defence in secretions such as saliva and milk.
LPO is the HGNC symbol for lactoperoxidase, and SPO is a listed alias. The gene is translated as a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed into the mature enzyme. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a processed preproprotein.
A mouse ortholog, Lpo, exists, so the enzyme can be studied in mouse models. LPO belongs to the peroxidase family, XPO subfamily. Cross-species use of any reagent depends on the specific product, so check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other heme peroxidases and antimicrobial host-defence proteins that may be of interest alongside LPO.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P22079; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.