MYD88
MYD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88) is a cytosolic adapter protein that transduces signals from Toll-like receptors and the interleukin-1 receptor family in the innate immune response. It links receptor activation to NF-kappa-B signalling and inflammatory gene expression. Browse Assay Genie's current range of MYD88 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
MYD88 is an adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signalling pathways of the innate immune response. It acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. It increases IL-8 transcription and is also involved in IL-18-mediated signalling. MYD88 activates IRF1, prompting its rapid migration into the nucleus to drive efficient induction of IFN-beta, NOS2/iNOS and IL12A genes.
Upon TLR8 activation by GU-rich single-stranded RNA derived from viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and HIV-1, MYD88 induces IL-1B release through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In intestinal epithelial cells, MyD88-mediated signalling is crucial for maintaining gut homeostasis and controls expression of the antimicrobial lectin REG3G in the small intestine.
The human MYD88 gene encodes a cytosolic protein with an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain. It is classed by HGNC in the TIR domain containing group and the My-T-BRC complex group. The protein is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and alternate splicing gives multiple transcript variants. Patients with defects in this gene have increased susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections. Orthologues are annotated in mouse and rat as Myd88. The name derives from the myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88).
MYD88 is an essential signal transducer for Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor pathways that regulate activation of numerous proinflammatory genes.
Acting through IRAK1, IRAK2 and TRAF6, MYD88 leads to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response.
MYD88 mediates IL-1B release through NLRP3 inflammasome activation after TLR8 senses GU-rich RNA from viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1.
MyD88 signalling in intestinal epithelial cells helps maintain gut homeostasis and controls expression of the antimicrobial lectin REG3G.
MYD88 is an adapter protein that relays signals from Toll-like receptors and the IL-1 receptor. Through IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6 it leads to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and inflammatory responses, and it also contributes to IL-18 signalling.
The HGNC name is MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor; UniProt calls it myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88. Earlier names were myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88. It has an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal TIR domain.
Patients with defects in the MYD88 gene show increased susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections. Mouse and rat both carry a Myd88 orthologue. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
A related myeloid-associated target with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q99836; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.