PTPN11
PTPN11 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11, also known as SHP-2, SHP2, SH-PTP2, PTP2C and BPTP3) is a widely expressed non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase. It acts downstream of receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases to relay signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PTPN11 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PTPN11 removes phosphate groups from tyrosine residues and participates in signal transduction downstream of many receptor and cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. It positively regulates the MAPK signal transduction pathway. Reported substrates include GAB1, ARHGAP35, EGFR, CDC73 and NEDD9/CAS-L. It also dephosphorylates ROCK2 at Tyr-722, which stimulates its RhoA binding activity, and dephosphorylates SOX9 on tyrosine residues, inactivating SOX9 and promoting ossification.
PTPN11 also has a role in immune regulation. It acts as an effector of PDCD1-mediated inhibition of the T-cell response. Phosphorylated PDCD1 recruits it, and it then dephosphorylates key proximal T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling molecules, which inhibits TCR signalling.
The PTPN11 gene encodes a member of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, non-receptor class 2 subfamily. HGNC places it in the SH2 domain containing group and the non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases. The protein has two tandem Src homology-2 domains. These act as phospho-tyrosine binding domains and mediate its interaction with substrates. It is widely expressed in most tissues and contributes to mitogenic activation, metabolic control, transcription regulation and cell migration, as well as cell growth, differentiation and the mitotic cycle.
The previous symbol NS1 and the previous name Noonan syndrome 1 reflect the disease link. Mutations in this gene cause Noonan syndrome and are also a cause of acute myeloid leukaemia.
PTPN11 positively regulates the MAPK pathway downstream of receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, making it a focus for studies of growth factor signal transduction.
PTPN11 is recruited by phosphorylated PDCD1 and dephosphorylates proximal TCR signalling molecules, so it is studied in T-cell inhibition.
Mutations in PTPN11 cause Noonan syndrome and are linked to acute myeloid leukaemia, supporting its use in developmental and cancer research.
PTPN11 dephosphorylates substrates such as ROCK2, NEDD9 and SOX9, linking it to cell migration, differentiation and ossification.
PTPN11 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that acts downstream of receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. It positively regulates MAPK signalling and dephosphorylates substrates including GAB1, EGFR, ROCK2 and SOX9. It also mediates PDCD1-driven inhibition of TCR signalling in T cells.
PTPN11 is also called SHP-2 or SHP2, SH-PTP2, PTP2C, BPTP3 and NS1. The name SHP-2 refers to its Src homology-2 domains. NS1 and the former name Noonan syndrome 1 reflect the association of its mutations with Noonan syndrome.
Mouse and rat both have a Ptpn11 ortholog; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity. In humans, PTPN11 mutations are a cause of Noonan syndrome and of acute myeloid leukaemia.
Other non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q06124; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.