TPO
TPO (thyroid peroxidase, also known as TPX) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein and heme peroxidase that plays a central role in thyroid gland function. It iodinates tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin and couples them to form the thyroid hormones. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TPO research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TPO is the enzyme responsible for the iodination and coupling of the hormonogenic tyrosines in thyroglobulin, yielding the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It iodinates tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin and then catalyses phenoxy-ester formation between pairs of iodinated tyrosines, the step that generates the active hormones. This activity places the thyroid peroxidase protein at the centre of thyroid hormonogenesis.
The TPO gene encodes a membrane-bound glycoprotein found at the cell surface. UniProt places it in the peroxidase family, XPO subfamily, and HGNC classes it within the heme peroxidase family and the sushi domain containing group. The enzyme is assigned EC 1.11.1.8. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for the human gene, although the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. Orthologous Tpo genes are annotated in mouse and rat, which allows the biology to be studied in rodent models.
Mutations in the TPO gene are associated with several disorders of thyroid hormonogenesis, including congenital hypothyroidism, congenital goiter and thyroid hormone organification defect IIA. For this reason TPO is a frequent subject in studies of thyroid hormone synthesis and of the genetic basis of thyroid disease. HGNC also records the alias TPX for the gene.
TPO catalyses tyrosine iodination and coupling in thyroglobulin to generate T3 and T4, making it a core enzyme for studying hormonogenesis.
Mutations in the TPO gene are associated with congenital hypothyroidism, congenital goiter and thyroid hormone organification defect IIA.
As a member of the heme peroxidase family, XPO subfamily, TPO is a model for peroxidase-catalysed iodination and coupling reactions.
TPO is a membrane-bound glycoprotein at the cell surface and a marker of thyroid gland function in cellular studies.
TPO catalyses the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin and the coupling of pairs of iodinated tyrosines through phenoxy-ester formation. These reactions produce the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), so the enzyme plays a central role in thyroid gland function.
TPO stands for thyroid peroxidase, and TPX is a recorded alias. The enzyme carries the EC number 1.11.1.8. NCBI Gene reports multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms, although the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined.
Mutations in the TPO gene are associated with disorders of thyroid hormonogenesis, including congenital hypothyroidism, congenital goiter and thyroid hormone organification defect IIA. Mouse and rat both have an orthologous Tpo gene. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Thyroglobulin, thyroid hormones and other thyroid-function targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P07202; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.