Angiopoietin-like 4
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a glycosylated, secreted protein with a C-terminal fibrinogen domain. Also known as PGAR, ARP4, HFARP, FIAF, NL2 and pp1158, it inactivates lipoprotein lipase and helps regulate lipid metabolism and triglyceride clearance. Browse Assay Genie's current range of Angiopoietin-like 4 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
ANGPTL4 mediates inactivation of the lipoprotein lipase LPL, and so plays an important part in controlling the clearance of triglycerides from blood serum and in wider lipid metabolism. The C-terminal domain may be proteolytically cleaved from the full-length secreted protein, and the cleaved form has higher activity in LPL inactivation than the uncleaved protein. The NCBI Gene summary describes the protein as a serum hormone that regulates glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
The ANGPTL4 gene encodes a glycosylated, secreted protein containing a C-terminal fibrinogen domain. UniProt records it as secreted, including in the extracellular matrix. Expression is induced by peroxisome proliferation activators, and alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants. HGNC places the gene in the fibrinogen C domain containing group and the angiopoietin like family, alongside ANGPTL1, ANGPTL2, ANGPTL5, ANGPTL6 and ANGPTL7.
Beyond lipid handling, angiopoietin-like 4 can act as an apoptosis survival factor for vascular endothelial cells. It can also prevent metastasis by inhibiting vascular growth and tumour cell invasion. Decreased expression of the gene has been associated with type 2 diabetes. The protein has been known by several names, including angiopoietin-related protein 4, PGAR, ARP4, HFARP, FIAF and NL2. The gene was previously referred to as ANGPTL2 before being renamed ANGPTL4. Mouse and rat orthologs are both named Angptl4, which allows the biology to be studied in rodent models.
ANGPTL4 inactivates lipoprotein lipase and so regulates triglyceride clearance from serum, making it a focus for studies of lipid metabolism.
The protein acts as a serum hormone affecting glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, and reduced expression has been associated with type 2 diabetes.
ANGPTL4 can act as an apoptosis survival factor for vascular endothelial cells and can inhibit vascular growth.
The protein can prevent metastasis by inhibiting vascular growth and tumour cell invasion, which makes it relevant to cancer research.
ANGPTL4 inactivates lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which regulates triglyceride clearance from serum and lipid metabolism. It also functions as a serum hormone affecting glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. The cleaved C-terminal form has higher LPL-inactivating activity than the uncleaved protein.
Aliases include angiopoietin-related protein 4, PGAR, ARP4, HFARP, FIAF, NL2 and pp1158. The gene was previously called ANGPTL2 before being renamed ANGPTL4. Alternative splicing gives multiple transcript variants, and the C-terminal domain may be proteolytically cleaved from the secreted protein.
Yes, mouse and rat both have an ortholog named Angptl4. Decreased ANGPTL4 expression has been associated with type 2 diabetes. The protein is also reported to inhibit tumour cell invasion and vascular growth. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other members of the angiopoietin-like family that share the C-terminal fibrinogen domain.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9BY76; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.