Chemerin
Chemerin, encoded by the RARRES2 gene and also known as TIG2 or HP10433, is a secreted chemotactic protein and adipokine. It signals mainly through the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) to regulate adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation. Browse Assay Genie's current range of Chemerin research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
Chemerin is an adipocyte-secreted protein that regulates adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation by activating chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1, also called ChemR23). It also acts as a ligand for CMKLR2 and can bind C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), though with lower affinity than it shows for CMKLR1 or CMKLR2. It positively regulates adipocyte differentiation, modulates adipocyte genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and may contribute to angiogenesis, which is needed for white adipose tissue expansion.
In inflammation, chemerin has a dual character. It acts as a chemotactic factor for leukocytes expressing CMKLR1, particularly immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and also immature myeloid dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells. As a pro-inflammatory adipokine it increases secretion of other pro-inflammatory and prodiabetic adipokines, which can impair insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism and vascular function. Yet it can also be anti-inflammatory: it prevents TNF-induced VCAM1 expression and monocyte adhesion in vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting NF-kappa-B and CRK/p38 activation through AKT1/NOS3 signalling and nitric oxide production. Which effect predominates depends on how different classes of proteases cleave the protein. Chemerin also has antimicrobial activity in the skin, with activity against bacteria and fungi.
The RARRES2 gene, formerly named retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 2, takes its name from the upregulation of its expression by the synthetic retinoid tazarotene. It is expressed in a wide variety of tissues. Its dual role in inflammation and metabolism may link chronic inflammation with obesity and obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The mouse ortholog is Rarres2.
Chemerin regulates adipocyte differentiation and the expression of adipocyte genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism.
Its dual role in inflammation and metabolism may link chronic inflammation with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Chemerin attracts CMKLR1-expressing cells, particularly immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells, as well as macrophages and natural killer cells.
It limits TNF-induced VCAM1 expression and monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells, and has antimicrobial function in the skin.
Chemerin is a secreted adipokine that activates CMKLR1 to regulate adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation. It also works as a chemoattractant for leukocytes such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells, and has antimicrobial activity in the skin.
Chemerin is encoded by RARRES2, which stands for retinoic acid receptor responder 2. Aliases include TIG2 and HP10433, and the gene was previously named retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 2. Its receptor CMKLR1 is also known as ChemR23.
Chemerin's combined roles in inflammation and metabolism may connect chronic inflammation with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The mouse ortholog is Rarres2. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Related retinoic acid responders, chemerin receptors and pathway partners involved in adipokine signalling and inflammation.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q99969; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.