SIRT1
SIRT1 (sirtuin 1, also known as SIR2L1) is the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1, a class I member of the sirtuin family and a human homologue of yeast Sir2. It is studied as an intracellular regulatory protein in the nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondrion. Browse Assay Genie's current range of SIRT1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
SIRT1 is an NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, catalogued under EC 2.3.1.286. It belongs to the sirtuin family and to the class I subfamily. Sirtuins are characterised by a sirtuin core domain and are grouped into four classes. NCBI Gene notes that the functions of human sirtuins have not been fully determined, but that they may act as intracellular regulatory proteins, with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity proposed for the family. By contrast, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and to suppress recombination of rDNA.
The SIRT1 gene encodes a protein that UniProt records in several compartments: the nucleoplasm, PML bodies, the wider nucleus, the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion. Alternative splicing of the gene produces multiple transcript variants. In the mouse and rat the orthologous gene is named Sirt1, which allows comparative work across common model species. HGNC places the gene in the sirtuins group and also in the eNoSC complex group.
One documented link to disease biology comes from HIV-1 infection. In this setting SIRT1 interacts with and deacetylates the viral Tat protein. Tat in turn inhibits SIRT1 deacetylation activity toward RELA (NF-kappa-B p65), which potentiates the transcriptional activity of RELA. SIRT1 is therefore proposed to contribute to T-cell hyperactivation during infection. The gene's earlier HGNC names, which refer to silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 from S. cerevisiae, reflect its yeast Sir2 origins. Researchers investigating the SIRT1 protein often compare it with the other human sirtuins, SIRT2 to SIRT7.
SIRT1 is a class I sirtuin and a human homologue of yeast Sir2, making it a reference member for studying the sirtuin family.
As an NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, SIRT1 is studied for how reversible acetylation regulates its substrates in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
SIRT1 deacetylates viral Tat, and Tat inhibits SIRT1 action on RELA, a mechanism proposed to contribute to T-cell hyperactivation.
Yeast sirtuins regulate epigenetic gene silencing, which motivates investigation of whether human SIRT1 has comparable regulatory roles.
SIRT1 is an NAD-dependent protein deacetylase of the class I sirtuin family. NCBI Gene states that human sirtuin functions are not fully determined, but they may act as intracellular regulatory proteins. In HIV-1 infection, SIRT1 deacetylates the viral Tat protein.
The HGNC symbol is SIRT1 and the approved name is sirtuin 1. SIR2L1 is a listed alias. Earlier names, such as sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1, refer to the yeast Sir2 gene. UniProt names the protein NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1.
SIRT1 is a human homologue of yeast Sir2, and the mouse and rat each have an orthologous gene named Sirt1. Always check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity before using it with a particular species.
Other members of the human sirtuin family, which share the sirtuin core domain with SIRT1.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q96EB6; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.