GDF-11
GDF-11 (growth differentiation factor 11, also known as BMP-11 or BMP11) is a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta superfamily. It acts globally to regulate anterior/posterior axial patterning during development and signals through activin receptors to activate SMAD2 and SMAD3. Browse Assay Genie's current range of GDF-11 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
GDF-11 is a secreted signal that acts globally to regulate anterior/posterior axial patterning during development. It may play critical roles in patterning both mesodermal and neural tissues, and it is required for proper vertebral patterning and orofacial development. Like other ligands of the TGF-beta superfamily, it signals through receptor complexes at the cell surface. GDF-11 engages the activin receptors type-2, ACVR2A and ACVR2B, together with the type-1 receptors ACVR1B, ACVR1C and TGFBR1. Receptor activation leads to phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3, which are SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression.
The GDF11 gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. The mature GDF-11 protein is therefore a dimeric, secreted growth factor. UniProt places it in the TGF-beta family, and HGNC classifies the gene within the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. Mouse and rat each have a Gdf11 ortholog, which allows the biology to be studied in common model organisms.
GDF-11 is also known as BMP-11 (BMP11). Beyond its roles in patterning, NCBI Gene notes that the protein contributes to the development of the nervous system and other organ systems, and that it may regulate aging. This combination of developmental and possible age-related functions makes GDF-11 a frequent subject of study in developmental biology, signalling research and ageing research, where assays for the GDF-11 antibody or GDF-11 ELISA kit format are commonly considered.
GDF-11 regulates anterior/posterior axial patterning and is required for proper vertebral patterning and orofacial development.
GDF-11 may play critical roles in patterning both mesodermal and neural tissues, and contributes to nervous system development.
GDF-11 signals through ACVR2A, ACVR2B, ACVR1B, ACVR1C and TGFBR1, leading to SMAD2 and SMAD3 phosphorylation.
NCBI Gene reports that GDF-11 may regulate aging, making it a candidate for studies of age-related biology.
GDF-11 is a secreted signal that regulates anterior/posterior axial patterning during development. It is required for proper vertebral patterning and orofacial development, and may pattern mesodermal and neural tissues. It signals through activin receptors, leading to phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3.
GDF-11 is the growth differentiation factor 11 protein, encoded by the GDF11 gene. It is also called BMP-11 or BMP11. UniProt lists the protein as Growth/differentiation factor 11, and it is a member of the TGF-beta family.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have a Gdf11 ortholog of the human gene, so GDF-11 biology can be studied in common rodent models. As with any reagent, check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other growth differentiation factors and TGF-beta superfamily ligands with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt O95390; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.