Metabolism

// Citations Standage et al. NMR-based serum and urine metabolomic profile reveals suppression of mitochondrial pathways in experimental sepsis-associated acute ...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD; also known as Hepatosteatosis) is a disease caused by the accumulation of lipids in liver cells that is not related to alcohol usage. In order to reduce the use of invasive...

Lipid Peroxidation (MDA/TBARS) Assay Kit Oxidative stress in the cellular environment results in the formation of highly reactive and unstable lipid hydroperoxides. Decomposition of the unstable peroxides derived from...

Catalase Activity Assay Kit Catalase Activity Assay Kit is a fast, easy and highly sensitive for measuring Catalase activity in biological samples.In the assay, catalase first reacts with H2O2 to producing water and...

Direct Glucose Uptake Assay Kit    Glucose uptake is one of the key processes for cellular glucose metabolism. The study of glucose uptake can provide important information for understanding glucose metabolism and regulation in...

Glucose Uptake Assay Kit (Cell-Based) Glucose is a ubiquitous energy source in most organisms and plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Cancer cells exhibit increased glucose uptake to support...

alpha-Ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, coming after isocitrate and before succinyl CoA. Anaplerotic reactions replenish the cycle by synthesizing alpha-KG from transamination of glutamate, or through the action of...

About UREA: UREA, the major end product of protein catabolism in animals, is primarily produced in the liver and secreted by the kidneys. It is the primary vehicle for removal of toxic ammonia from the body. Urea is widely used in the agricultural...

About Pyruvate: PYRUVATE, a key intermediate in cellular metabolic pathways, can be converted to a variety of things such as carbohydrates, fatty acids, and energy depending on the pathway. It can also be converted to alanine and ethanol. In the beverage...

About L-Malic Acid or L-Malate: L-MALIC ACID, or L-malate, is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms and plays an important role in the Calvin and Krebs Cycle. Malic acid is frequently used in food and beverage industries as an additive...

About Histamine: HISTAMINE(C5H9N3) is a biogenic amine naturally present in many foods and body cells in amounts without toxicological significance. It is also a contaminant mostly found in Scombridae family fishes, such as tuna and mackerel, as well as...

About Glutamate: GLUTAMATE, is an important chemical in general metabolism. It is also widely used as a flavor enhancer in the food industry. Consumption of foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG) have been known to cause headaches, flushing,...

About Glucose: GLUCOSE (C6H12O6) is found in the food industry as either a natural component of the food or as an additive. Not only is glucose added to food and beverages for its impact on taste, texture, and color, but also because it can serve as a...

About Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (G6PDH) is a cytosolic enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway which supplies reducing energy to cells by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide...

About Arginase: ARGINASE (L-arginine ureohydrolase EC 3.5.3.1) is present in mammals and plants. In humans, arginase is expressed predominantly in the liver, and to lesser degrees in breast, kidney, testes, salivary glands, epidermis and erythrocytes...

About UREA: UREA, the major end product of protein catabolism in animals, is primarily produced in the liver and secreted by the kidneys. It is the primary vehicle for removal of toxic ammonia from the body. Urea determination is very useful for medical...

About Nitric Oxide (NO): Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive radical that plays an important role in many key physiological functions. NO is the oxidation product of arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and is involved in host defense development,...

About Monoamine Oxidases (MAO): MONOAMINE OXIDASES (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4) are a family of mitochondrial enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Two isoforms of MAO exist, MAO-A and MAO-B, with different inhibitor selectivity and tissue...

About Acetaldehyde: ACETALDEHYDE (CH3CHO) is one of the most widely occurring aldehydes in nature and is commonly used in industry. Acetaldehyde, a metabolic byproduct of ethanol in the liver, is toxic to the human body and is rapidly converted to...

About Acetaldehyde: ACETALDEHYDE (CH3CHO) is one of the most widely occurring aldehydes in nature and is commonly used in industry. Acetaldehyde, a metabolic byproduct of ethanol in the liver, is toxic to the human body and is rapidly converted to the...

HRP Detection Reagent: Assay Genie's fluorometric HRP detection reagent is a stable 10-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (also called Ampliflu Red TM) liquid substrate reagent formulated for detecting horseradish peroxidase HRP activity, e.g. in ELISA...

Diamine Oxidase Assay Kit DIAMINE OXIDASE (DAO) also known as histaminase or amine oxidase (copper containing), is an enzyme involved in the metabolism, oxidation, and inactivation of histamine in animals. Highest content is observed in the...

Alkaline Phosphatase Assay Kit - Information Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters in an alkaline environment, resulting in the formation of an organic radical and inorganic phosphate. In mammals, this enzyme is found...

ALP Detection Reagent: Assay Genie's ALP Detection Reagent is a stable 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (MUP) liquid substrate reagent formulated for detecting alkaline phosphatase ALP, e.g. in ELISA. This single reagent produces a highly fluorescent...

pNPP Phosphatase Assay Kit: p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) is a chromogenic substrate for most phosphatases such as alkaline phosphatases, acid phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatases and serine/threonine phosphatases. The reaction yields...

pNPP Phosphatase Assay - Information p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) is a chromogenic substrate for most phosphatases such as alkaline phosphatases, acid phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatases and serine/threonine phosphatases. The reaction...

Phosphate Assay Kit  Assay Genie's Phosphate Assay Kit is based on a proprietary formulation of the malachite green dye. The reagent forms a blue colored complex with free orthophosphate. The rapid color formation from the reaction can be...

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Assay Kit ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (EC 3.1.1.7, AChE), also known as RBC cholinesterase, is found primarily in the blood and neural synapses. AChE catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into...

Acid Phosphatase Assay Kit Acid Phosphatase (ACP) is an enzyme which catalyzes the cleavage of phosphate groups from other molecules during digestion. Acid phosphatase can be found in lysosomes and become active after fusing with endosomes,...

Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit Xanthine Oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. In addition, xanthine oxidase can catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, act on certain purines and aldehydes, and in certain cases produce...

Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit Xanthine is a purine base that can be found in most animal tissues and fluids. It is a product in the purine degradation pathway, produced by guanine deaminase from guanine, and by xanthine oxidoreductase from...

Tryptophan Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's Fluorescent Tryptophan Assay uses a coupled enzymatic reaction to determine the tryptophan concentration of a sample with the addition of a single working reagent. The fluorescence intensity at Ex/Em=...

Triglyceride Assay Kit Triglyceride , also known as Triacyltriglyceride or Triacyl-glyceride, is the main constituent in vegetable oil and animal fats. Triglycerides play an important role as energy sources and transporters of dietary fat. In the...

Sucrose Assay Kit Sucrose (C12H22O11) is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose with an alpha-1,2-glycosidic linkage. It is the most common food sweetener and the most important sugar in plants. In mammals, sucrose is readily digested in the...

Superoxide Dismutase Activity Assay Kit Superoxide dismutases (SOD, EC1.15.1.1) are enzymes that catalyze the dismutation of superoxide into O2 and H2O2. They are an important antioxidant defense in all cells exposed to O2. There are three...

About Succinate: SUCCINATE, or succinic acid, can be found in all plants and animal tissues. It is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle and plays an important role in intracellular energy generation. Succinate is...

About Sialic Acid: Sialic acid is a general name for nine carbon acidic sugars with N- or O-substituted derivatives. The most common member of these sugars is N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA). Sialic acid is widely distributed throughout mammalian...

D-Sorbitol Assay Kit SORBITOL (glucitol) is a sugar alcohol that is metabolized slowly in the human body. Sorbitol can be obtained from glucoseby reducing aldehyde group to a hydroxyl group. Accumulation of excessive sorbitol in erythrocytes, retinal...

Pyruvate Assay Kit Pyruvate is a key intermediate in cellular metabolic pathways. Pyruvate can be converted to carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis, to fatty acids or energy through acetyl-CoA, to the amino acid alanine...

Pyruvate Kinase Activity Assay Pyruvate Kinase (PK) is an enzyme involved in glycolysis. It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one...

Phospholipase D Activity Assay Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyses the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids to generate phosphatidic acid and a free headgroup. Abnormalities in PLD expression have been associated with human...

Phospholipid Assay Kit Phospholipids are a class of lipids which constitute a major component of cell membranes and play important roles in signal transduction. Most phospholipids contain one diglyceride, a phosphate group, and one choline. Assay...

Phenylalanine Assay Kit L-Phenylalanine is one of the twenty common amino acids and an important precursor for several key signal molecules such as dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and the skin pigment melanin. It is found naturally in the...

Oxalate Assay Kit Oxalate or Oxalic Acid is a metabolic breakdown product of the Kreb's Cycle in eukaryotes, and the glyoxylate cycle in other microorganisms. It can be found in the urine of humans and other mammals. Oxalate concentration can be...

Acetate Assay Kit Acetate is a common anion and fundamental to all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. It is acid form, acetic acid, is produced and excreted by acetic acid bacteria,...

Oxaloacetate Assay Kit Oxaloacetate (OAA) is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis. OAA is formed by the oxidation of malate, by deamidation of aspartate or by condensation of CO2 with pyruvate or...

NOS Activity Assay Kit Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive radical that plays an important role in many key physiological functions. NO, an oxidation product of arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is involved in host defense and development,...

Ammonia Assay Kit Ammonia (NH3) or its ion form ammonium (NH4+) is an important source of nitrogen for living systems. It is synthesized through amino acid metabolism and is toxic when present at high concentrations. In the liver, ammonia is...

Neuraminidase Activity Assay Kit NEURAMINDASE (also known as Sialidase) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes terminal sialic acid residues on poly-saccharide chains. It is predominantly expressed in microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. Cleavage of...

MPO Activity Assay Kit MYELOPEROXIDASE (MPO; EC 1.11.2.2) is a peroxidase enzyme and can be found in neutrophil, monocytes, and some soft tissue macrophages. MPO has an ability to use chloride as a cosubstrate with hydrogen peroxide to generate...

D- Mannitol Assay D-MANNITOL (C6H14O6) is a sugar alcohol used in dietary supplement, sweetener, intestinal permeability test for leaky gut, etc. It also serves as a coating for hard candies, dried fruits, and chewing gums due to its low ability to...

Maltose Assay Kit - Information MALTOSE (C12H22O11) is a disaccharide, composed of two glucose units linked by an alpha bond. It is produced from the hydrolysis of glycogen or starch, serving as a source of energy for plants and animals. Maltose...

Malate Dehydrogenase Assay Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) (EC 1.1.1.37) is an enzyme which reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of L-malate to oxaloacetate in the presence of NAD. There are 2 isoforms in eukaryotic cells: MDH1 and MDH2. MDH1 found in the...

Monoamine Oxidase Assay Kit Monoamine oxidases (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4) are a family of mitochondrial enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. MAO dysfunction is thought to be responsible for a number of neurological disorders...

Lactulose Assay Kit LACTULOSE (C12H22O11) is a synthetic sugar that is non-digestible by the gut. It is used to treat constipation and hyperammonemia. It may also be used for intestinal permeability test for leaky gut. Lactulose can be found in...

Beta Hydroxybutyrate Assay Method of Detection: OD340nm Detection Limit: 0.12 mM Samples: Serum, plasma, urine etc Species: All Protocol Length: 30 min Size: 100 tests Shelf Life: 6 months Ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid and...

Invertase Activity Assay Kit Invertase (b-fructofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose. Invertases cleave at the O-C(fructose) bond, whereas a related enzyme sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48)...

HDL and LDL/VLDL Assay Kit Cholesterol concentrations in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density (LDL)/Very-Low-Density (VLDL) Lipoproteins are strong predictors for coronary heart disease. Functional HDL offers protection by removing...

Glutathione Peroxidase Assay Kit Glutathione peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.9) represents an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage. It helps prevent lipid peroxidation of...

Glucose Oxidase Assay Kit Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose from D-glucose to D-glucono-lactone. Physiologically, it aids in the breakdown of glucose into smaller metabolites. It is widely used in electrochemical glucose sensors...

Glycerol Assay Kit Glycerol [Glycerin or Glycerine, C3H5 (OH) 3] is widely used in foods, beverages and pharmaceutical formulations. It is also a main by-product of biodiesel production. Simple, direct and automation-ready procedures for...

Glutamate Assay Kit Glutamate is an important chemical in general metabolism. It is also a crucial mammalian neurotransmitter that is believed to be involved in a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as lateral sclerosis,...

Glutamine Assay Kit - Information Glutamine is an amino acid synthesized in the muscle that plays major roles in protein synthesis, acid-base balance, anabolic processes and is utilized for cellular energy and as a carbon source. It is used in...

Galactose Assay Kit  Galactose (C6H12O6) is a monosaccharide that is found in dairy products, sugar beets, gums and mucilages. It is also synthesized in mammals, where it forms part of glycolipids and glycoproteins in several tissues. It forms...

Glucose-6-Phosphate Assay Kit Glucose-6-Phosphate (g6p) is glucose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6. Most of the glucose entering cells is phosphorylated to G6P. G6P has three primary fates within the cell. It lies at the start of two major...

Fumarate Assay Kit FUMARATE , or Fumaric Acid, is one of the key components in TCA cycle and is used by cells to form ATP. Human skin when exposed to sunlight will naturally produce fumaric acid. Fumarate is used as an additive by the food and...

Fructose Assay Kit  Fructose (C6H12O6, also called levulose or laevulose), is a monosaccharide found in honey, tree fruits, berries, melons, and some root vegetables along with glucose and galactose. The human body can use fructose for energy,...

Formate Assay Kit FORMATE (HCOO-) is the anion derived from formic acid, the simplest carboxylic acid. It is also the metabolic byproduct of formaldehyde metabolism in our body, and the eventual metabolic byproduct of methanol which is first broken...

NADP/NADPH Assay Kit Pyridine nucleotides play an important role in metabolism and, thus, there is continual interest in monitoring their concentration levels. Quantitative determination of NADP+/NADPH has applications in research pertaining to...

NAD/NADH Assay KitPyridine nucleotidesplay an important role in metabolism and, thus, there is continual interest in monitoring their concentration levels. Quantitative determination of NAD/NADH has applications in research pertaining to energy...

Fumarase Activity Assay Kit FUMARASE (or fumarate hydratase) (EC 4.2.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration reaction of fumarate to malate. Fumarase exists in two isoforms: a cytosolic and mitochondrial form. In the...

L-lactate assay kit LACTATE is generated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) under hypoxic or anaerobic conditions. Monitoring lactate levels is, therefore, a good indicator of the balance between tissue oxygen demand and utilization and is useful when...

Isocitrate Assay Kit ISOCITRATE (ISOCITRIC ACID) is a substrate in the citric acid (TCA) cycle. Isocitrate is formed by the isomerization of citrate catalyzed by the enzyme aconitase. Isocitrate is oxidized by isocitrate dehydrogenase producing...

Glucose Uptake Assay Kit  Glucose Uptake has a variety of methods and transporters, and depends upon the metabolic demand of the cell type and availability of glucose. There are over ten different facilitated diffusion glucose transporters...

D-Lactate Assay Kit Lactate is generated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) under hypoxic or anaerobic conditions. Monitoring lactate levels is, therefore, a good indicator of the balance between tissue oxygen demand and utilization and is...

Bile Acid Assay Kit BILE ACIDS.Twelve different types of bile acids are typically found in mammals, among them two primary types are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. These can be dehydroxylated into secondary bile acids. Finally, these four can be...

D-Lactate Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's Colorimetric D-lactate assay kit is based on lactate dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of lactate, in which the formed NADH reduces a formazan (MTT) Reagent. The intensity of the product color, measured at...

Creatine Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie' creatine assay is based on enzymatic reactions leading to formation of a pink colored product. The optical density at 570 nm or fluorescence intensity at Ex/Em = 530/585 nm is directly proportional to the...

Creatine Kinase Activity Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's creatine kinase activity assay kit is based on enzyme coupled reactions in which creatine phosphate and ADP is converted to creatine and ATP by CK, the generated ATP is used to phosphorylate...

Coenzyme A Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's Coenzyme A Assay Kit method provides a simple, two-step and high-throughput assay for measuring coenzyme A. In this assay, the first step enzymatically converts CoA to acyl-CoA and the second step oxidizes...

NADP/NADPH Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's NADP/NADPH assay kit is based on a glucose dehydrogenase cycling reaction, in which the formed NADPH reduces a formazan (MTT) reagent. The intensity of the reduced product color, measured at 565 nm, is...

L- Lactate Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's colorimetric L- lactate assay kit is based on lactate dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of lactate, in which the formed NADH reduces a formazan (MTT) reagent. The intensity of the product color, measured at...

Citrate Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's Citrate Assay Kit provides a simple, and automation-ready procedure for measuring citrate concentration. Citrate is converted into pyruvate which is then oxidized with the conversion of the dye into a colored...

Glutathione Reductase Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's non-radioactive, colorimetric Glutathione Reductase Assay Kit is designed to accurately measure glutathione reductase (GR) activity in biological samples with a method that utilizes Ellman's...

Glycolysis Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's Glycolysis assay kit is based on measuring the production of L-Lactate from glycolysis in cells. L-Lactate that is secreted into the cell media when glycolysis occurs and is quantified using a coupled...

Ethanol Assay Kit - InformationEthanol assay kit (colorimetric) is based on alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of ethanol, in which the formed NADH is coupled to the formazan (MTT) chromogen. The intensity of the product color, measured at 565 nm,...

Cholesterol Assay Kit - Information Assay Genie's colorimetric cholesterol assay is based on cholesterol esterase hydrolysis of cholesterol esters to form free cholesterol and cholesterol dehydrogenase catalyzed conversion of cholesterol to...

Catalase Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's improved catalase assay directly measures catalase degradation of H2O2 using a redox dye. The change in color intensity at 570nm or fluorescence intensity (Ex/Em = 530/585nm) is directly proportional to the...

DescriptionAssay Genie's alpha-amylase assay method involves two steps: (1). alpha-amylase in the sample hydrolyzes starch and the product is rapidly converted to glucose by alpha-glucosidase and hydrogen peroxide by glucose oxidase; (2). hydrogen...

Glucose Assay Kit - InformatoionAssay Genie's glucose assay kit uses a single Working Reagent that combines the glucose oxidase reaction and color reaction in one step. The color intensity of the reaction product at 570nm or fluorescence intensity at...

Aspartate Transaminase Activity Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's Aspartate Transaminase (AST), also known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT/AAT), facilitates the conversion of aspartate and...

Aspartate Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's Aspartate Assay Kit provides a simple, direct and automation-ready procedure for measuring aspartate concentration. Aspartate is converted into pyruvate which is then oxidized with the conversion of the dye...

Ascorbic Acid Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's ascorbic acid assay kit provides a simple, direct and high-throughput assay for measuring ascorbic acid. In this assay, ascorbic acid is oxidized by ascorbate oxidase resulting in the production of H2O2...

Adipolysis Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's adipolysis assay kit directly measures glycerol released during adipolysis. This homogeneous assay uses a single Working Reagent that combines glycerol kinase, glycerol phosphate oxidase and color reactions...

Alanine Transaminase Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's alanine transaminase activity assay (ALT) is based on the quantification of pyruvate produced by ALT. In this assay, pyruvate and NADH are converted to lactate and NAD by the enzyme lactate...

L-Alanine Assay Kit - InformationThe L-Alanine assay kit provides a simple, direct and automation-ready procedure for measuring alanine concentration.This assay allows for flurometric and colorimetric detection of alanine in biological samples. Alanine...

Aconitase Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's aconitase assay measures the isocitrate generated as a product of the aconitase reaction. The isocitrate is then oxidized producing NADPH and the oxidation product. The NADPH converts the dye to an intense...

Starch Assay Kit - InformationAssay Genie's starch assay uses a single Working Reagent that combines the enzymatic break down of starch and the detection of glucose in one step. The color intensity of the reaction product at 570 nm or fluorescence...

NAD/NADH Assay Kit - Information Assay Genie's  NAD/NADH assay kit is based on a lactate dehydrogenase cycling reaction, in which the formed NADH reduces a formazan (MTT) reagent. The intensity of the reduced product color, measured at 565 nm, is...

HDL and LDL/VLDL Assay Kit - InformationHDL and LDL/VLDL Cholesterol Assay Kit quantification kit is based on our improved PEG precipitation method in which HDL and LDL/VLDL are separated, and cholesterol concentrations are determined using a single...