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The Brain's Sentinels: How Microglia Shape Neuroinflammation in Disease In the intricate landscape of the human brain, a silent, ever-watchful guardian stands ready to defend against injury and invasion. These sentinels, known as microglia, are the brain's resident immune cells, tirelessly working to maintain a healthy environment. But what happens when these protectors turn against the very neurons they are meant to shield? This paradoxical turn from friend to foe is a central theme in the story of neurodegenerative diseases, where chronic inflammation fueled by dysfunctional microglia can accelerate cognitive decline. Recent research has begun to unravel the complex signals that govern mi …